1. Liability Coverage
Liability coverage is the foundation of any auto policy and is required in almost every state. It covers the costs if you're found at fault in an accident — including the other party's medical bills and property damage.
Two parts:
- Bodily Injury Liability — covers medical expenses for people injured in an accident you caused
- Property Damage Liability — covers repair or replacement costs for property you damaged
⚠️ Liability coverage does not cover your own vehicle or your own injuries.
2. Collision Coverage
Collision coverage pays for repairs to your vehicle after an accident — regardless of who was at fault. If you hit another car, a guardrail, or a tree, collision coverage helps cover the repair bill.
This coverage is typically required if you have a car loan or lease.
3. Comprehensive Coverage
Comprehensive coverage protects your vehicle from damage that isn't caused by a collision. This includes theft, vandalism, natural disasters, fire, and hitting an animal.
Comprehensive and collision are often bundled together and referred to as "full coverage" — though that term isn't an official insurance category.
4. Uninsured & Underinsured Motorist Coverage
This coverage protects you if you're in an accident caused by a driver who has no insurance — or not enough insurance to cover your losses. Given that roughly 1 in 8 drivers in the U.S. is uninsured, this is an important coverage to consider.
5. Personal Injury Protection (PIP)
Also known as "no-fault insurance," PIP covers medical expenses for you and your passengers after an accident — regardless of who caused it. Some states require PIP, others make it optional. PIP can also cover lost wages and other related expenses depending on your policy.
6. Medical Payments Coverage (MedPay)
Similar to PIP but more limited, MedPay covers medical bills for you and your passengers after an accident. It does not typically cover lost wages or other non-medical expenses.
7. Gap Insurance
If you owe more on your car loan than your vehicle is currently worth, gap insurance covers the difference in the event your car is totaled or stolen. This is especially useful for new vehicles that depreciate quickly.